人間の発達は、胚の形態形成にはじまり、胎児や新生児に与えられた遺伝的要因と生得的な能力、自らを変化・発展させる内在的な機構、物理的環境や他者との相互作用により適応・学習していく機構などが複雑にからみあう現象である。本演習では、講義及び受講者による演習、原著論文講読、レポート作成、プレゼンテーションを行い、発達脳科学に関わる基本的概念を学ぶ。

現在の人工知能技術が直面する課題や限界を乗り越えるため，今改めて人間の脳の機能と仕組みを深く理解することが極めて重要となっている．/ In order to overcome the problems and limitations of the current AI technology, a deeper understanding of human brain function and mechanism is now becoming important again. 次世代の人工知能は，何が起こるか事前に限定されておらず，常に変動する複雑な実世界で自律的に適切に振る舞う「動的実世界知能」と，人間の振る舞いや意図を理解し，人間の価値観や道徳に適合する人間中心の意思決定や行動を行う「人間的知能」を兼ね備える必要がある．/ The next generation AI should be endowed with "Dynamic Real World Intelligence" which can autonomously and appropriately behave in the dynamically changing complex real world full of non-predetermined events, as well as "Human Intelligence" which understands human behavior and intentions, exhibits human centered behavior and decision making that match human value and morals. 本講義では，上記課題に向けて，従来の人工知能が捉えていない生体型計算原理や脳機能に重点を置き，身体性，感覚運動ダイナミクス，認知発達，社会性，高次認知，意識，などに関する計算論的神経科学や構成論的科学，認知発達ロボティクス等の最新研究動向を基礎および最新の脳科学的知見を踏まえつつ学び，議論する．/ In this class, we study and discuss towards the above issues, focusing on biological computation principles and brain functions not yet captured by past AI. Referring to the basic and advanced brain science, the latest advancement in computational neuroscience, constructive science and developmental cognitive robotics on embodiment, sensory-motor dynamics, cognitive development, sociality, high-order cognition, consciousness, etc. will be presented.

脳は様々な領域同士が結びつき，巨大な情報ネットワークを構成している．近年，脳の情報ネットワークは，人の認知機能の生物学的な基盤の解明に大きく貢献している．本授業では，脳のネットワークを中心的なテーマとして，脳情報の解読（デコード・エンコード），ニューロフィードバック，脳刺激，神経細胞活動記録など，認知神経科学の関連分野の文献を輪読する．最近出版された英語論文（展望・原著）を購読し，その解析の原理を理解し，受講者自身が興味を持つテーマへの応用を考察してもらう．受講者には，割り当てられた発表だけでなく，積極的な質疑応答が求められる．

機械や計算機と対比しながら，生物や脳の情報処理メカニズムを学ぶ

脳神経科学はわれわれとは誰かという疑問を物質的に解明しようとする学問領域のひとつであり、日進月歩の先端的研究が行われている。本コースはその基礎となる神経解剖学を平易かつ刺激的に講じるもので、肉眼神経解剖学(脳マクロ)、神経組織学(脳ミクロ)の講義・実習を行う。神経系の構造と機能に関する基本的知識・概念を習得し、神経生理学等の履修の基盤を構築することを目標とする。 さらにこれに関連して、当教室でこれまで確立した統合失調症、疼痛、感覚障害、PTSD、認知症、てんかん、脳腫瘍、水頭症、神経変性疾患等のヒト疾患モデルとなるキネシン分子モーター欠損マウス群の解析研究をひとつの例として、神経細胞の分子機構におけるミクロレベルの擾乱が中枢・末梢神経系におけるマクロレベルでの機能障害をいかに惹起するかのミクロ-マクロ問題の攻め方を包括的に論じる。またベタイン(カルボニルストレスを軽減する低分子化合物)やAAV(アデノ随伴ウイルス)ベクターを用いた介入実験等についても講師らの最新知見を紹介し、神経科学領域におけるトランスレーショナルリサーチのあり方についても議論する。 本授業科目は、学位授与方針10項目の１．医学知識、６．創造的思考、9．国際性、10．未来への志、に関連した科目である。https://www.m.u-tokyo.ac.jp/*****

Students will explore and debate questions about human experience from multiple perspectives as they discover influential works from cultures around the world, both ancient and modern. Students will develop critical approaches and analytical skills as they exchange ideas with peers, ask questions, and respond to works in different genres through a variety of expressive modes. The course will focus on four fundamental themes: love, identity, death, and the meaning of life.

Students will explore and debate questions about human experience from multiple perspectives as they discover influential works from cultures around the world, both ancient and modern. Students will develop critical approaches and analytical skills as they exchange ideas with peers, ask questions, and respond to works in different genres through a variety of expressive modes. The course will focus on four fundamental themes: love, identity, death, and the meaning of life.

At the end of the course, the student should have familiarised with the key concepts informing epistemological and methodological debates in social science, such as hypothesis, theory, falsification, verification, covering law, causality, with particular consideration for positivistic paradigms and anti- or post-positivistic reactions. The student should be aware of the specific difficulties of social scientific disciplines in studying human societies arising from the problematic separation between the studied object and the studying subject, and the link between social science and the political dimension. He should familiarise with problems of social research design, starting from the specificities characterizing the various stages of social science research. The student should become aware of the functional classification of social science methods in qualitative and quantitative, familiarising with a number of techniques in both domains, while grasping that contemporary social research increasingly requires the application of different methods and interdisciplinary approaches, which also lead to the necessity of teamwork coordination. The course also aims at providing a large variety of examples where the concepts and principles described above find their application and didactic clarification. Those examples will focus in particular on the study of technology and its social impact. Finally, the student should become aware of the moral implications, limits and rules informing social science research, as well as of the role and importance of effective communication in the social sciences.

Statistics and biometrics have emerged as crucial disciplines not only in agricultural sciences but also in various other fields. This significance is primarily attributed to three factors: Firstly, advancements in data measurement techniques have facilitated the collection of extensive and diverse biological and agronomic data that were previously unattainable. Secondly, the evolution of data science methodologies has enabled the integration and modeling of such collected data. Thirdly, the enhancement of computational capabilities has empowered the utilization of these methodologies. These advancements have rendered statistical and biometric methods indispensable for extracting insights from the vast and varied biological and agronomic datasets. Throughout this lecture series, a diverse array of biological and agronomic datasets will serve as illustrative examples to demonstrate various analytical methods. Delivered in a hands-on format, utilizing R, Python, and Matlab, the aim is to equip students with practical analysis skills. The initial portion of the course, spanning the first one-third, will focus primarily on techniques for summarizing, visualizing, and modeling relationships within multivariate datasets. In the subsequent one-third, students will delve into linear models, linear mixed models, local regression, and nonlinear models. Finally, in the last segment, students will explore image analysis, machine learning, and deep learning methods. While the course will cover a broad spectrum of methods, ranging from introductory to advanced levels, the emphasis will be on developing the capability to independently conduct analyses rather than on elaborating on the theoretical underpinnings of the methods.

The course will take an intersectional approach to why we commonly find an underrepresentation of women in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields. The course will begin by addressing our own unconscious biases and stereotypes, and question the research behind male and female differences. We will cover the brief history of the underrepresentation of minorities and explore research articles on why and how women and other minorities have been excluded from STEM fields. Students will be expected to read scientific articles, discuss them, and apply those concepts to examine their own social environments.