第一次大戦期以降の日本経済史に関する基本的な理解を深めること。

This course discusses organizational economics, with emphasis on problems of incentive and information, at a graduate level. The aim is to provide a basic ground of economic research on organizational economics and to stimulate participants' research activities on organizational and personnel economics (including both theoretical and empirical works).

Electricity is more than a commodity; it is the backbone of digital infrastructure and industrial productivity. While a well-functioning system should theoretically ensure cost-effective generation, signal investment needs, and support "Net Zero" targets without compromising reliability, practical realities often fall short. Understanding why these systems fail—and exploring how to improve them—requires rigorous economic analysis. This course explores how modern electricity systems are organized, regulated, and transformed within an economic context. Learning Objectives: By the end of this course, students will be able to: 1. Understand the institutional design and regulatory frameworks of modern power systems. 2. Apply concepts from microeconomics, industrial organization, and regulatory economics to real-world energy markets. 3. Analyze market inefficiencies and the gap between theoretical market design and practical implementation. 4. Evaluate the policy implications and economic strategies required to achieve the energy transition and grid reliability.

Electricity is more than a commodity; it is the backbone of digital infrastructure and industrial productivity. While a well-functioning system should theoretically ensure cost-effective generation, signal investment needs, and support "Net Zero" targets without compromising reliability, practical realities often fall short. Understanding why these systems fail—and exploring how to improve them—requires rigorous economic analysis. This course explores how modern electricity systems are organized, regulated, and transformed within an economic context. Learning Objectives: By the end of this course, students will be able to: 1. Understand the institutional design and regulatory frameworks of modern power systems. 2. Apply concepts from microeconomics, industrial organization, and regulatory economics to real-world energy markets. 3. Analyze market inefficiencies and the gap between theoretical market design and practical implementation. 4. Evaluate the policy implications and economic strategies required to achieve the energy transition and grid reliability.

流通、サービスといった第三次産業に関する文献を講読し、その独特な取引制度や商慣行を経済学的に理解できるようになること。

Electricity is more than a commodity; it is the backbone of digital infrastructure and industrial productivity. While a well-functioning system should theoretically ensure cost-effective generation, signal investment needs, and support "Net Zero" targets without compromising reliability, practical realities often fall short. Understanding why these systems fail—and exploring how to improve them—requires rigorous economic analysis. This course explores how modern electricity systems are organized, regulated, and transformed within an economic context. Learning Objectives: By the end of this course, students will be able to: 1. Understand the institutional design and regulatory frameworks of modern power systems. 2. Apply concepts from microeconomics, industrial organization, and regulatory economics to real-world energy markets. 3. Analyze market inefficiencies and the gap between theoretical market design and practical implementation. 4. Evaluate the policy implications and economic strategies required to achieve the energy transition and grid reliability.

Course Description Economic development depends not only on technology and resources but also on institutions that shape incentives and coordinate economic activity. This course examines the long-term evolution of economic institutions in Japan from the medieval period to the present, focusing on how institutional arrangements emerged and adapted in response to incentive problems, technological change, and shifts in the international economic environment. In the early seventh century, the imperial court introduced a Chinese-style centralized administrative and landholding system. However, this regime failed to provide adequate incentives for relevant stakeholders. Adjustments to institutional realities gradually led to the emergence of the manorial system. The manorial system, the landholding and administrative structure of medieval Japan, was characterized by multiple claimants and overlapping rights and authorities over individual parcels of farmland. Although complex, this arrangement helped distribute risks and mitigate incentive problems that had emerged under the earlier centralized regime. During the early modern period, the Tokugawa shogunate and domain lords protected peasants' exclusive rights to the farmland cultivated by each household. This strengthened incentives and increased the resilience of peasant households to external shocks. At the same time, the shogunate attempted to stabilize the rural economy by regulating farmland transactions and agricultural financial markets. These institutions supported social stability and provided an important institutional foundation for the development of a market economy. Following the Meiji Restoration, exclusive property rights were reaffirmed and many regulations on farmland and financial markets were removed. Modern institutions, including a modern judicial system, corporate organizations, and Western technologies, were introduced. These reforms accelerated market expansion and initiated Japan's industrialization. From the 1880s onward, industrialization increased productivity and transformed Japanese society into a more market-oriented system. Since the 1920s, particularly during the 1930s, international economic instability and tightening labor markets made economic management more difficult. After experimenting with a command economy during the Second World War, Japan eventually adopted a state-coordinated market economy. Since the 1980s, Japan has gradually shifted toward a more rule-based market economy. This course places these institutional changes within a long-run historical perspective. Key Questions How was the manorial system formed, and how did it mitigate incentive problems? How were peasants' property rights established and protected in early modern Japan? How did Japan industrialize after the Meiji Restoration? How have institutions evolved in response to technological change and shifts in the international economy? Learning Objectives By the end of the course, students will be able to: 1. Understand the historical evolution of economic institutions in Japan from the medieval period to the present. 2. Analyze economic institutions using the framework of institutional economics. 3. Explain how incentive problems and risk-sharing mechanisms shaped historical institutions. 4. Interpret Japan's industrialization and modern economic development in a comparative perspective. 5. Understand recent institutional reforms in Japan within a long-run historical context.

You will learn analyses that were actually used as input to policy during the Covid-19 crisis in Japan. You will learn what happened during the Covid-19 crisis through research papers.

You will learn analyses that were actually used as input to policy during the Covid-19 crisis in Japan. You will learn what happened during the Covid-19 crisis through research papers.

Course Description Economic development depends not only on technology and resources but also on institutions that shape incentives and coordinate economic activity. This course examines the long-term evolution of economic institutions in Japan from the medieval period to the present, focusing on how institutional arrangements emerged and adapted in response to incentive problems, technological change, and shifts in the international economic environment. In the early seventh century, the imperial court introduced a Chinese-style centralized administrative and landholding system. However, this regime failed to provide adequate incentives for relevant stakeholders. Adjustments to institutional realities gradually led to the emergence of the manorial system. The manorial system, the landholding and administrative structure of medieval Japan, was characterized by multiple claimants and overlapping rights and authorities over individual parcels of farmland. Although complex, this arrangement helped distribute risks and mitigate incentive problems that had emerged under the earlier centralized regime. During the early modern period, the Tokugawa shogunate and domain lords protected peasants' exclusive rights to the farmland cultivated by each household. This strengthened incentives and increased the resilience of peasant households to external shocks. At the same time, the shogunate attempted to stabilize the rural economy by regulating farmland transactions and agricultural financial markets. These institutions supported social stability and provided an important institutional foundation for the development of a market economy. Following the Meiji Restoration, exclusive property rights were reaffirmed and many regulations on farmland and financial markets were removed. Modern institutions, including a modern judicial system, corporate organizations, and Western technologies, were introduced. These reforms accelerated market expansion and initiated Japan's industrialization. From the 1880s onward, industrialization increased productivity and transformed Japanese society into a more market-oriented system. Since the 1920s, particularly during the 1930s, international economic instability and tightening labor markets made economic management more difficult. After experimenting with a command economy during the Second World War, Japan eventually adopted a state-coordinated market economy. Since the 1980s, Japan has gradually shifted toward a more rule-based market economy. This course places these institutional changes within a long-run historical perspective. Key Questions How was the manorial system formed, and how did it mitigate incentive problems? How were peasants' property rights established and protected in early modern Japan? How did Japan industrialize after the Meiji Restoration? How have institutions evolved in response to technological change and shifts in the international economy? Learning Objectives By the end of the course, students will be able to: 1. Understand the historical evolution of economic institutions in Japan from the medieval period to the present. 2. Analyze economic institutions using the framework of institutional economics. 3. Explain how incentive problems and risk-sharing mechanisms shaped historical institutions. 4. Interpret Japan's industrialization and modern economic development in a comparative perspective. 5. Understand recent institutional reforms in Japan within a long-run historical context.