This seminar aims to discuss the social / historical bases on which a modern legal system might operate in various East Asian societies, and to provide an introduction to some of those problems involving the integration of different legal traditions into a pluralistic yet coherent legal regime. We will focus on the tensions experienced by these societies, involving the importation of what were presented as "universal" values and norms, and the near-universal resistance to these values and norms, such resistance being based on the notions of custom and tradition. While the initial focus will be mainly on the experiences concerning the formation of legal institutions in China and Japan, students will be encouraged to bring in perspectives from other societies as well. The problems discussed will include: the difficulties regarding what exactly can be identified as East Asian legal traditions; how legal regimes were structured through the actions of actors exploiting the plurality of legal traditions; and how the relationship between legal arrangements and the political power-structure played out. Particular attention will also be paid to the issues of colonialism, and the uneasy relationship between Modernisation, Westernisation and Colonisation in these societies. The ability to read source materials written in Chinese and/or Japanese would be of much help, but will not be essential.

This seminar aims to discuss the social / historical bases on which a modern legal system might operate in various East Asian societies, and to provide an introduction to some of those problems involving the integration of different legal traditions into a pluralistic yet coherent legal regime. We will focus on the tensions experienced by these societies, involving the importation of what were presented as "universal" values and norms, and the near-universal resistance to these values and norms, such resistance being based on the notions of custom and tradition. While the initial focus will be mainly on the experiences concerning the formation of legal institutions in China and Japan, students will be encouraged to bring in perspectives from other societies as well. The problems discussed will include: the difficulties regarding what exactly can be identified as East Asian legal traditions; how legal regimes were structured through the actions of actors exploiting the plurality of legal traditions; and how the relationship between legal arrangements and the political power-structure played out. Particular attention will also be paid to the issues of colonialism, and the uneasy relationship between Modernisation, Westernisation and Colonisation in these societies. The ability to read source materials written in Chinese and/or Japanese would be of much help, but will not be essential.

前半では相転移や臨界現象について、後半では非平衡統計力学の基礎的な内容を取り扱う。相転移や臨界現象は多数の構成要素が相互作用する系が示す協力現象である。本講義ではこのような現象を解析する手法である平均場近似やLandau理論、くりこみ群などの基礎を学ぶ。非平衡統計力学については、線形応答理論とその応用、マルコフ過程などの基礎的な確率過程の理解を目指す。

　本科目は、「犯罪と刑罰」に関する法、つまり、「刑事法」を切り口とした法学入門です。 　（1）「社会あるところに法あり」という古い法諺（「ほうげん」と読みます）があります。まさにそのとおりで、私たちは、朝起きてから寝るまで（そして、寝ている間も）法との関わりの中で生活しています。例えば、朝（あるいは大学生なら昼過ぎもあり？――前世紀末に学生生活を送った私は駒場でも本郷でも、そういう生活パターンからなかなか抜け出せませんでした）、目覚めた直後に、乾いた喉を潤すために蛇口を捻ってコップ1杯の水を飲むとしましょう。このことが可能なのは、河川法・水道法・地方自治法・地方公営企業法・道路法等の「行政法」という法分野に属する様々な法律による規律が及んでいることに加えて、「民法」という法律が、人と企業が取り決めた約束の効力や、人と物（この場合は「水」）との関係をきちんと定めてくれているからです。（とりわけ、「民法」は、水道料金を支払うことと引き換えに、蛇口から出てきた水を自分の所有物として獲得し、それを飲み干すことができる根拠となる点で、給水事業のユーザーである私たちにとっては重要です。） 　（2）もちろん、法というシステムは、社会を動かしていくための様々な仕組みの一つに過ぎません。他にも、政治システム、経済システム、学術システム等々、分化した多くの社会システムの分業（と協業）によって、私たちの社会の秩序が維持され、そのお蔭で、私たちは日々暮らしていくことができています。 　これらの分業システムには、それぞれに固有の発想や考え方、そして言葉遣いがあります。とりわけ、「法」は、権力でも腕力でも財力でもなく、「言葉の力」で人々の意思決定に働きかけるという方法によって社会を動かしていく仕組みです。そのため、「法」は、日本語で語られます。そのため、一見したところ、とっつきやすく、すぐにわかると思ってしまいがちですが、実際には、法システムに固有のものの見方や考え方があります。そして、それは、時に、世間一般の人々の「常識」とはズレていることがあります。 　そのズレは、時には、「世間知らず」として批判されるべきものであることもあるでしょう。しかし、多くの場合は、ちゃんとした理由があってあえて「ズレ」ているのです。そもそも、世間的「常識」ですべてを処理できるのであれば、法システム、政治システム、経済システム、学術システム等々を分化させて、それぞれを存立させる意味がありません。その場合は、プラトンが思い描いた「哲人」や、中華圏で理想とされた「聖人君子」が、その兼ね備えた卓抜な能力に基づいて、世の中の森羅万象をすべて適切に操るほかありません。しかし、あらゆる問題を適切に解決できる「哲人」「聖人君子」など実際には存在せず、能力の限られた人間が分担してなんとかやっていかなければ仕方がない、というのが、各種のシステムが分化して存在している理由なのです。 　（3）本科目は、そのような分業システムの一つとしての「法」について、中学校や高校で学んだことよりは少し専門的に、けれども、あまり難しくない範囲で（つまり「教養」の域を出ない限度で）学んでみたいという人たちを対象とする法学入門の科目です。 　法学入門には様々な観点・アプローチがありますし、担当する人によって内容は様々です。とりわけ、本科目と同じ曜限に開講される総合科目C「現代と法」は、現在の日本で望みうる最高の教員を多くの分野から揃えた法学入門科目です（私も可能ならば履修したいと思うぐらいです）。多くの法分野を概観したい学生には、本科目ではなく「現代と法」の履修を勧めます。 　（4）これに対して、私は、法学の数ある分野の中でも、犯罪と刑罰に関する法＝刑事法を専門としていますので、本科目は、その刑事法を切り口として、みなさんを法の世界に誘います。 　刑事法は、日々の報道や多くのエンタテインメント作品を通じてみなさんが一定のイメージを持っていると思いますが、警察官が罪を犯したと疑われる人物を逮捕して留置場に閉じ込め、外界から遮断して社会生活を送ることを不可能にしてしまうとか（「確実」ではなくその「疑い」――正確に表現すると「罪を犯したことを疑うに足りる相当な理由」――があるだけで逮捕できることに注意してください）、警察官が家に踏み込んできてそこらじゅうを引っ掻き回して見つけたものを持って帰ってしまう（朝から晩まで授業を受けて疲れて帰宅し、シャワーを浴びてバスローブを羽織っただけでくつろいでいるところに、突然、警察官が踏み込んでくる事態を想定してみてください）とか、さらには、罪を犯したことは事実であり償いをしなければならないことは確かだけれども、刑務所で数十年間にわたって服役することになったりとかいったシーンを想像すれば明らかなとおり、国家権力が個人の権利・利益をあからさまに侵害したり剝奪したりする場面を扱います。このことから、刑事法は、国家によるあからさまな権力行使を正当化しつつ厳格に制御するるために（いわば「猛獣使い」です）、ギリギリのところを言葉の力で詰めていくという法的な思考やその作法――しかも、世間的な「常識」とはしばしば相容れない思考――が最も強く現れる分野だという特徴を持っています。 　そのような刑事法の素材――ニュース報道や新聞記事、SNSへの投稿、裁判所の判決、論文などなど――を用いつつ、いろいろな角度から法の世界におけるものの見方や考え方に親しんでもらおう、というのが本科目の目的です。 　（5）履修者が文科生か理科生であるかは問いません。2年生の履修も歓迎しますが、主たる履修者としては1年生を想定し、中学校・高校の社会科系統の諸科目で得た知識（＋常識）から出発して、大学レベルの学びへと繋げることを目指します。なお、同様の科目をAセメスターにも開講する予定ですが（開講曜限は未定）、法学部進学を考慮している学生を念頭に置いて（ただし、他科類の学生の履修を排除する趣旨ではありません）、Sセメスターよりも専門性を少し強めた内容にするつもりです（もちろん、法学部の持ち出し科目のレベルよりは手前です）。そのため、法学部進学を考えている人は、Aセメスターに履修する方がいいかもしれません。 　履修者が比較的少数にとどまることを前提に、講義科目ではありますが、ゼミに近い運用をします。つまり、積極的な発言を求めたり、グループディスカッションを用いたり、授業内外で自らリサーチをしたりすることを求めるほか、毎回、文書または口頭で提示される課題について、その場で短い分量の回答（リアクションペーパー）を書いてもらいます。したがって、授業に積極的に参加する意欲のある学生の履修を希望します。 　（6）4月1日頃以後に、UTOLのこの授業の欄を見てください。第1回のアクセス情報を含め、この授業の詳細情報はUTOLでお知らせします。

国際法・国内法の区別に関する通俗的見解（国際私法の一般国際法性を否定する考えを含む）など、既存の法理論には、今日のグローバル社会が生ぜしめる課題に対応するのに不十分な点が少なからずみられる。本授業では、グローバル社会（特にその経済的側面）の現代的課題を具体的に観察しながら、既存の法理論、更にはその前提にある我々の国際社会に対する認識枠組みを再検討する。

This course explores the role of law and governance in mediating the human-environment interface. It focuses on the Anthropocene as it confronts law and governance scholars with a unique challenge concerning the need to question, and ultimately re-imagine, international environmental law and governance interventions in the light of a new socio-ecological situation. Through interactive lectures, classroom discussions based upon pre-assigned readings, oral presentations, and the elaboration of a joint mini-project, students not only assess the (mostly unsuccessful and ineffective) regulatory interventions used thus far to mediate the human-environment interface; they also examine the possibility to develop counter-narratives and alternative institutional practices, by drawing on most recent critical legal approaches as well as sociocultural traditions that have been marginalised within international environmental law.

This course explores the role of law and governance in mediating the human-environment interface. It focuses on the Anthropocene as it confronts law and governance scholars with a unique challenge concerning the need to question, and ultimately re-imagine, international environmental law and governance interventions in the light of a new socio-ecological situation. Through interactive lectures, classroom discussions based upon pre-assigned readings, oral presentations, and the elaboration of a joint mini-project, students not only assess the (mostly unsuccessful and ineffective) regulatory interventions used thus far to mediate the human-environment interface; they also examine the possibility to develop counter-narratives and alternative institutional practices, by drawing on most recent critical legal approaches as well as sociocultural traditions that have been marginalised within international environmental law.

This course provides a critical and interdisciplinary overview of the major legal and political developments that have shaped - and continue to shape - Japanese society. Drawing on perspectives from political science, law, history, and sociology, the course emphasizes both top-down and bottom-up processes in Japanese governance. It focuses on how law operates within society, particularly through constitutional, criminal, and civil law. However, the aim is not to analyze these laws in isolation, but to explore how they function within the social fabric of Japan. Law is a fundamental aspect of everyday life in all societies: it provides predictability, helps avoid anarchy, and secures cooperation among members of society by prioritizing the common good over individual gain (law as a tool for stability in society). Law is also a tool for action when people or groups feel excluded, discriminated against, or believe they are being treated unjustly (law as a tool for social change). This course examines the central features of Japan's legal system, viewing law as a social institution and exploring its relationship with other societal systems. We will focus on the role of key actors in the legal system and the interplay between social stability, and change. Additionally, the course emphasizes the relationship between law and broader economic, political, and social processes. From the perspective of the sociology of law (or socio-legal studies), we will examine how law serves as both a practical resource for addressing social issues (a tool for change) and a set of shared representations and aspirations (for stability). The course will explore how legal professionals (lawyers, judges, law enforcement officers) and ordinary citizens mobilize and use law. Due to time constraints, we cannot cover every aspect of Japan’s legal system or every actor involved. Instead, we will focus on key topics that illustrate the situational and systemic demands placed on actors within the legal system. At the same time, we will seek to identify patterns in how law interacts with and influences society. Some of the topics we will address include Japan’s exceptional record in economic development, crime control, and its low litigation rate. These topics exemplify why Japan's legal system is so efficient; not only by examining how it functions today, but also by tracing its historical roots and understanding why it evolved in this way. We will also address topics such as the death penalty, wrongful convictions, same-sex marriage, and other areas of social activism where law is used to drive social change. These topics reflect the "reverse side of the coin," where law may not function effectively, and social activism seeks to change the situation. In sum, we will analyze the actual evolution of the rule of law in both the past and present, with an eye on the future of Japan and its place in a globalizing world. Therefore, this course combines methodologies from the sociology of law and legal history. We will also critically assess the limitations of law in Japan, asking which social issues remain unresolved by the legal system. Is Japan’s legal system an example for other countries to follow, or not? Ultimately, the goal is to critically examine both the merits and flaws of Japan's legal system in an informed and balanced manner. By studying how conflicts are resolved, how social order is maintained, how movements for social change emerge, and how legal frameworks operate within Japan’s socio-political context, students will develop a comprehensive understanding of Japan’s legal system from the Meiji era (1868–1945) to the present day. Each class will begin with a methodological introduction, providing students with tools from the sociology of law, followed by the analysis of primary materials (e.g., court decisions, political speeches, legislative texts, personal diaries) and secondary readings that offer academic context.

This course provides a critical and interdisciplinary overview of the major legal and political developments that have shaped - and continue to shape - Japanese society. Drawing on perspectives from political science, law, history, and sociology, the course emphasizes both top-down and bottom-up processes in Japanese governance. It focuses on how law operates within society, particularly through constitutional, criminal, and civil law. However, the aim is not to analyze these laws in isolation, but to explore how they function within the social fabric of Japan. Law is a fundamental aspect of everyday life in all societies: it provides predictability, helps avoid anarchy, and secures cooperation among members of society by prioritizing the common good over individual gain (law as a tool for stability in society). Law is also a tool for action when people or groups feel excluded, discriminated against, or believe they are being treated unjustly (law as a tool for social change). This course examines the central features of Japan's legal system, viewing law as a social institution and exploring its relationship with other societal systems. We will focus on the role of key actors in the legal system and the interplay between social stability, and change. Additionally, the course emphasizes the relationship between law and broader economic, political, and social processes. From the perspective of the sociology of law (or socio-legal studies), we will examine how law serves as both a practical resource for addressing social issues (a tool for change) and a set of shared representations and aspirations (for stability). The course will explore how legal professionals (lawyers, judges, law enforcement officers) and ordinary citizens mobilize and use law. Due to time constraints, we cannot cover every aspect of Japan’s legal system or every actor involved. Instead, we will focus on key topics that illustrate the situational and systemic demands placed on actors within the legal system. At the same time, we will seek to identify patterns in how law interacts with and influences society. Some of the topics we will address include Japan’s exceptional record in economic development, crime control, and its low litigation rate. These topics exemplify why Japan's legal system is so efficient; not only by examining how it functions today, but also by tracing its historical roots and understanding why it evolved in this way. We will also address topics such as the death penalty, wrongful convictions, same-sex marriage, and other areas of social activism where law is used to drive social change. These topics reflect the "reverse side of the coin," where law may not function effectively, and social activism seeks to change the situation. In sum, we will analyze the actual evolution of the rule of law in both the past and present, with an eye on the future of Japan and its place in a globalizing world. Therefore, this course combines methodologies from the sociology of law and legal history. We will also critically assess the limitations of law in Japan, asking which social issues remain unresolved by the legal system. Is Japan’s legal system an example for other countries to follow, or not? Ultimately, the goal is to critically examine both the merits and flaws of Japan's legal system in an informed and balanced manner. By studying how conflicts are resolved, how social order is maintained, how movements for social change emerge, and how legal frameworks operate within Japan’s socio-political context, students will develop a comprehensive understanding of Japan’s legal system from the Meiji era (1868–1945) to the present day. Each class will begin with a methodological introduction, providing students with tools from the sociology of law, followed by the analysis of primary materials (e.g., court decisions, political speeches, legislative texts, personal diaries) and secondary readings that offer academic context.

法制度と法に関連する社会現象を社会科学的アプローチで検証する。法社会学の基礎と背景について説明し、具体例を挙げながら、実定法の解釈とは異なり、法制度を外部から検証し、法が社会において実際にどのように機能しているか、あるいは機能していないかを考察する。法社会学は社会内の法を理解することで、より効果的な法規範を作るための学問であり、法学部の学生にとって非常に実践的な学問である。 さらに、近・現代の日本を中心に、法の社会的役割の変化と法に関連する社会現象がどのようなメカニズムとダイナミクスで説明されているかを、国際比較の観点からも紹介する。このために、ヨーロッパ、アメリカ、日本における法社会学の発展を検証する。法社会学の理論や経験研究の蓄積のトレンドや、いくつかの古典的な研究を紹介することで、視野を広げ、批判的な検証能力を養い、法社会学の意義と興味深さに目覚めることを主な目標とする。授業では、法社会学の基礎理論と多くの応用課題を取り上げる。