This course helps you deepen your understanding of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a framework for public services provision essential to the smooth functioning of society and people’s well-being. Students must work in teams under the instructors’ guidance as a practical training course with an active learning approach. Your deliverables are reviewed by and submitted to external “clients” as if the students provided real-world consulting services. The course also serves as hands-on training for professional writing. Overall, the course aims to prepare you for future positions engaged in innovative public services provision in both the public and private sectors. *** The key motivation for traditional PPPs is to seek efficiency gains and innovations as well as to fill public-sector funding gaps through private-sector participation. Efficiency gains and innovations are expected to enhance public-sector productivity and improve the quality of public services. Such potential benefits have attracted increasing interest in PPPs over the past decades. The core task of structuring a PPP project is to reconcile the interests of various stakeholders in the private and public sectors. These stakeholders include investors, lenders, contractors, social entrepreneurs, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), government, other public entities, and individual beneficiaries. Challenges remain. PPPs are not immune to moral hazard due to the nature of public services provision, and in reality very complex and can be costly. Risk allocations are challenging because of information asymmetries and inherent uncertainties over the long term. Difficulties also arise from the different attitudes of such stakeholders as investors, lenders, government entities, and individual beneficiaries. PPPs are equipped with commercial contractual structure and operational modalities but, at the same time, are highly political due to their social implications entailed in public services provision.

How does law realize public policy? What prevents laws to be effective? How can practitioners prepare for various stages in the making of law and public policy? With the focus on international economic law, this course will address these questions by exploring the two-level game theory, which views international negotiations as simultaneous discussions at both the domestic and international levels, as well as the concept of ambiguity of law. This course is structured around three learning objectives: (1) understanding the theories of law and public policy; (2) applying theoretical understanding of law and public policy to real-life issues and cases; and (3) experiencing negotiations and briefings which are the daily activities of practitioners.

The course will involve a series of discussions among students following specified formats intended to maximize participants’ ability to learn and apply the following: -Skills for pragmatic, practical, intersectional approaches and multilateral solutions to global issues and challenges, especially in devising and evaluating policy proposals and alternatives. -Ability to assess, discuss, and debate global issues by leveraging multidisciplinary perspectives across public policy, economics, politics, ethics, security, international governance, and law. In addition to discussions, students will also develop skills in policy analysis, discussion, consensus building, effective presentation, and policy brief writing. The following is a list of themes: -Decarbonization, energy security and geopolitics, and the role of nuclear -The role of leading institutions and fair competition in global education in the era of digitalization -Challenges in progressing gender equality against the context of varying social vulnerabilities and inequalities across the globe -International leadership and the future role of international organizations

In this course, we will read and discuss (i) some foundational cases that have been frequently cited in subsequent cases and also (ii) latest cases addressing contemporary issues, under the WTO dispute settlement procedures. The course aims that participants will accurately understand and digest the required legal knowledge, and will be able to discuss and analyze the implications of findings in the subject cases.

This course provides a critical and interdisciplinary overview of the major legal and political developments that have shaped - and continue to shape - Japanese society. Drawing on perspectives from political science, law, history, and sociology, the course emphasizes both top-down and bottom-up processes in Japanese governance. It focuses on how law operates within society, particularly through constitutional, criminal, and civil law. However, the aim is not to analyze these laws in isolation, but to explore how they function within the social fabric of Japan. Law is a fundamental aspect of everyday life in all societies: it provides predictability, helps avoid anarchy, and secures cooperation among members of society by prioritizing the common good over individual gain (law as a tool for stability in society). Law is also a tool for action when people or groups feel excluded, discriminated against, or believe they are being treated unjustly (law as a tool for social change). This course examines the central features of Japan's legal system, viewing law as a social institution and exploring its relationship with other societal systems. We will focus on the role of key actors in the legal system and the interplay between social stability, and change. Additionally, the course emphasizes the relationship between law and broader economic, political, and social processes. From the perspective of the sociology of law (or socio-legal studies), we will examine how law serves as both a practical resource for addressing social issues (a tool for change) and a set of shared representations and aspirations (for stability). The course will explore how legal professionals (lawyers, judges, law enforcement officers) and ordinary citizens mobilize and use law. Due to time constraints, we cannot cover every aspect of Japan’s legal system or every actor involved. Instead, we will focus on key topics that illustrate the situational and systemic demands placed on actors within the legal system. At the same time, we will seek to identify patterns in how law interacts with and influences society. Some of the topics we will address include Japan’s exceptional record in economic development, crime control, and its low litigation rate. These topics exemplify why Japan's legal system is so efficient; not only by examining how it functions today, but also by tracing its historical roots and understanding why it evolved in this way. We will also address topics such as the death penalty, wrongful convictions, same-sex marriage, and other areas of social activism where law is used to drive social change. These topics reflect the "reverse side of the coin," where law may not function effectively, and social activism seeks to change the situation. In sum, we will analyze the actual evolution of the rule of law in both the past and present, with an eye on the future of Japan and its place in a globalizing world. Therefore, this course combines methodologies from the sociology of law and legal history. We will also critically assess the limitations of law in Japan, asking which social issues remain unresolved by the legal system. Is Japan’s legal system an example for other countries to follow, or not? Ultimately, the goal is to critically examine both the merits and flaws of Japan's legal system in an informed and balanced manner. By studying how conflicts are resolved, how social order is maintained, how movements for social change emerge, and how legal frameworks operate within Japan’s socio-political context, students will develop a comprehensive understanding of Japan’s legal system from the Meiji era (1868–1945) to the present day. Each class will begin with a methodological introduction, providing students with tools from the sociology of law, followed by the analysis of primary materials (e.g., court decisions, political speeches, legislative texts, personal diaries) and secondary readings that offer academic context.

This seminar aims to discuss the social / historical bases on which a modern legal system might operate in various East Asian societies, and to provide an introduction to some of those problems involving the integration of different legal traditions into a pluralistic yet coherent legal regime. We will focus on the tensions experienced by these societies, involving the importation of what were presented as "universal" values and norms, and the near-universal resistance to these values and norms, such resistance being based on the notions of custom and tradition. While the initial focus will be mainly on the experiences concerning the formation of legal institutions in China and Japan, students will be encouraged to bring in perspectives from other societies as well. The problems discussed will include: the difficulties regarding what exactly can be identified as East Asian legal traditions; how legal regimes were structured through the actions of actors exploiting the plurality of legal traditions; and how the relationship between legal arrangements and the political power-structure played out. Particular attention will also be paid to the issues of colonialism, and the uneasy relationship between Modernisation, Westernisation and Colonisation in these societies. The ability to read source materials written in Chinese and/or Japanese would be of much help, but will not be essential.

This seminar aims to discuss the social / historical bases on which a modern legal system might operate in various East Asian societies, and to provide an introduction to some of those problems involving the integration of different legal traditions into a pluralistic yet coherent legal regime. We will focus on the tensions experienced by these societies, involving the importation of what were presented as "universal" values and norms, and the near-universal resistance to these values and norms, such resistance being based on the notions of custom and tradition. While the initial focus will be mainly on the experiences concerning the formation of legal institutions in China and Japan, students will be encouraged to bring in perspectives from other societies as well. The problems discussed will include: the difficulties regarding what exactly can be identified as East Asian legal traditions; how legal regimes were structured through the actions of actors exploiting the plurality of legal traditions; and how the relationship between legal arrangements and the political power-structure played out. Particular attention will also be paid to the issues of colonialism, and the uneasy relationship between Modernisation, Westernisation and Colonisation in these societies. The ability to read source materials written in Chinese and/or Japanese would be of much help, but will not be essential.

・競争法の思考方法を、まずは比較法に基づく広い視野から英語で、次に日本の独禁法に絞って日本語で、体系的に修得することを目的とする。 This course aims to give you a solid understanding of how competition law works. We start with a broad, comparative perspective in English, then move on to Japanese competition law in Japanese. 競争法は、市場において企業がどこまでの行為が許されるのか、その境界線を設定する。試合におけるレフェリーのようなものである。日本では独占禁止法としても知られている。 Competition law sets the boundaries of what companies are allowed to do in the marketplace. It is like the referee in a boxing match. In Japan, the rules of competition law are mostly found in the Antimonopoly Act. この講義は二つのパートで構成されている。 第1部（英語）：競争法の主要な概念および基本原則 第2部（日本語）：日本の独占禁止法の事例を用いた体系的講義 This course consists of two parts: - Part 1 (in English): key concepts and fundamental principles in competition law - Part 2 (in Japanese): a systematic overview of Japanese competition law, including case law 第1部は Vande Walle教授が英語で担当し、第2部は 滝澤教授が日本語で担当する。第1部では、学生は英語で短いレポートを提出する必要がある。第2部は、学期末に行われる日本語の筆記試験で評価される。 Part 1 will be taught in English by Professor Vande Walle. Part 2 will be taught in Japanese by Professor Takizawa. For part 1, students will be required to write a short paper in English. Part 2 will be tested by a written exam at the end of the semester in Japanese.

This course explores the visions and historical processes that shaped the political, economic, and legal principles, policies, and practices of a transnational order in East Asia from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth. Its focus will be on the trans-Pacific interactions between the United States, Japan, the Philippines, and China, but always with the rest of East Asia in mind. The discussions will delve into the interplay of law, politics, and economics during the period covered. Through these discussions, this class will explore new ways of understanding the historical developments whereby a coherent transnational order was formed in East Asia. The aim will be to overcome the limitations of the two prevalent narratives regarding East Asian history. The first, known as the “Western Impact” model, looks at modern East Asian history in the context of how each society reacted to Western powers attempting to dominate the area through trade and colonization. The second approach has traditionally been presented as an antithesis to the first, focusing on the internal logic of East Asian societies, and modernization in these societies is explained by referring primarily to domestic political dynamics, avoiding overemphasis on influence from the West. By grounding our analyses on the development of a transnational order among East Asian societies on one hand, but focusing on trans-Pacific interactions on the other, our objective will be to re-assess not just the history of East Asian societies, but the history of the US, and its role in the shaping of a global order that remains crucially important to this day.

This course explores the visions and historical processes that shaped the political, economic, and legal principles, policies, and practices of a transnational order in East Asia from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth. Its focus will be on the trans-Pacific interactions between the United States, Japan, the Philippines, and China, but always with the rest of East Asia in mind. The discussions will delve into the interplay of law, politics, and economics during the period covered. Through these discussions, this class will explore new ways of understanding the historical developments whereby a coherent transnational order was formed in East Asia. The aim will be to overcome the limitations of the two prevalent narratives regarding East Asian history. The first, known as the “Western Impact” model, looks at modern East Asian history in the context of how each society reacted to Western powers attempting to dominate the area through trade and colonization. The second approach has traditionally been presented as an antithesis to the first, focusing on the internal logic of East Asian societies, and modernization in these societies is explained by referring primarily to domestic political dynamics, avoiding overemphasis on influence from the West. By grounding our analyses on the development of a transnational order among East Asian societies on one hand, but focusing on trans-Pacific interactions on the other, our objective will be to re-assess not just the history of East Asian societies, but the history of the US, and its role in the shaping of a global order that remains crucially important to this day.