複雑化し動的に変化する現代の社会では、科学的・論理的な手段、最適な解を求める手段だけでは解決できない課題が次々に生まれている。多様な人からなる複雑な社会では、より柔軟な多様性ある解を求めることが重要である。本学の先端アートデザイン分野では、自然環境やそこで培われる感性に立ち戻り、人本来の視座から感性を介して科学技術を見直し、持続的なインクルーシブ社会の創造のための日本オリジナルな科学技術・アート・デザインを世界に発信して行くことを目指している。本講義では、世界の第一線で活躍するプロフェッショナルである、先端アートデザイン分野の教員陣が、これからの未来について学生と共に議論する。

If laws are rules that guide our society, then constitutions are the “rules about the rules”: they establish the basic framework of governance and normative principles that other legislation must follow. This class examines the determinants of constitutional content and survival, spanning a wide range of regions and historical periods. We will focus in particular on three institutional arrangements: the powers of the executive vs. the legislature, the electoral system, and federalism. When countries democratize, how much do constitution writers anticipate the effects of different institutional forms? How much does self-interest matter, as opposed to cultural beliefs or international precedence? Does the inclusiveness of the constitution-writing process influence their long-term viability? When countries fail, how much is the constitution at fault?

Given the increasingly complex world, one discipline cannot address most policy challenges. This course (and the companion course, Project Seminars), aimed at Ph.D. candidates, adopts an interdisciplinary perspective while pursuing high academic standards for specialty training. We demonstrate how specialized disciplines identify research questions, shape hypotheses, and deploy appropriate research methods to answer them.

In this seminar, students are expected to examine research in various fields such as resources, environment and energy, health and medicine, space and ocean, security, global economy, food and life, AI and digitalization, and learning and communication in relation to various social issues, and attempt to design solutions (technical and institutional solutions) to social issues in concrete ways. In doing so, students will consciously consider what other fields of knowledge are necessary in addition to the knowledge in their own field of expertise, and students will attempt to compare various solution options. Students will also examine the challenges of implementing such solutions in society.

In this seminar, students are expected to examine research in various fields such as resources, environment and energy, health and medicine, space and ocean, security, global economy, food and life, AI and digitalization, and learning and communication in relation to various social issues, and attempt to design solutions (technical and institutional solutions) to social issues in concrete ways. In doing so, students will consciously consider what other fields of knowledge are necessary in addition to the knowledge in their own field of expertise, and students will attempt to compare various solution options. Students will also examine the challenges of implementing such solutions in society.

In this seminar, students are expected to examine research in various fields such as resources, environment and energy, health and medicine, space and ocean, security, global economy, food and life, AI and digitalization, and learning and communication in relation to various social issues, and attempt to design solutions (technical and institutional solutions) to social issues in concrete ways. In doing so, students will consciously consider what other fields of knowledge are necessary in addition to the knowledge in their own field of expertise, and students will attempt to compare various solution options. Students will also examine the challenges of implementing such solutions in society.

How to match people to other people or goods is an important problem in society. Just think of some examples such as (1) student placement in schools, (2) labor markets where workers and firms are matched to one another, and (3) organ transplantation, in which patients are matched to potential donors. The economics of “matching and market design” has analyzed these problems and improved real-life institutions in recent years. For example, economists have helped (1) NYC, Boston and other U.S. cities design their school choice programs, (2) medical communities reorganize their hiring procedure, and (3) organize systematic kidney exchange mechanisms to give kidneys to as many patients as possible. This is a subject that attracted much attention in 2012, as the Nobel Prize in economics was awarded to Alvin Roth at Stanford and Lloyd Shapley at UCLA who are pioneers in matching and market design, and the John Bates Clark medal (a.k.a. "baby Nobel") awarded to Parag Pathak in 2018. This is a topics course. We discuss mechanism/market design, with the main (though not necessarily exclusive) focus on theory and application of matching theory. This class builds on basic knowledge in matching theory, but I will try to give quick review in the first few lectures. If you have never learned matching theory before, I recommend that you take a look at lecture slides in https://sites.google.com/***** and/or a book manuscript (in Japanese) at https://www.dropbox.com/*****

How to match people to other people or goods is an important problem in society. Just think of some examples such as (1) student placement in schools, (2) labor markets where workers and firms are matched to one another, and (3) organ transplantation, in which patients are matched to potential donors. The economics of “matching and market design” has analyzed these problems and improved real-life institutions in recent years. For example, economists have helped (1) NYC, Boston and other U.S. cities design their school choice programs, (2) medical communities reorganize their hiring procedure, and (3) organize systematic kidney exchange mechanisms to give kidneys to as many patients as possible. This is a subject that attracted much attention in 2012, as the Nobel Prize in economics was awarded to Alvin Roth at Stanford and Lloyd Shapley at UCLA who are pioneers in matching and market design, and the John Bates Clark medal (a.k.a. "baby Nobel") awarded to Parag Pathak in 2018. This is a topics course. We discuss mechanism/market design, with the main (though not necessarily exclusive) focus on theory and application of matching theory. This class builds on basic knowledge in matching theory, but I will try to give quick review in the first few lectures. If you have never learned matching theory before, I recommend that you take a look at lecture slides in https://sites.google.com/***** and/or a book manuscript (in Japanese) at https://www.dropbox.com/*****

Science, technology, and innovation (STI) shape the foundation of the contemporary society and thus make a major arena of public policy. The complex nature of the STI system poses various challenges, and effective policymaking approaches have been explored and developed. Evidence-based policy making (EBPM) is one such approach that is expected to address the challenges and has been implemented in STI policy design, although it has its own challenges and limitations. In this course, students are expected to learn the context of STI and the basis of EBPM as well as to learn how EBPM can be applied to STI policy design.

Science, technology, and innovation (STI) shape the foundation of the contemporary society and thus make a major arena of public policy. The complex nature of the STI system poses various challenges, and effective policymaking approaches have been explored and developed. Evidence-based policy making (EBPM) is one such approach that is expected to address the challenges and has been implemented in STI policy design, although it has its own challenges and limitations. In this course, students are expected to learn the context of STI and the basis of EBPM as well as to learn how EBPM can be applied to STI policy design.