低温で現れる電子の超伝導現象と液体ヘリウムの超流動現象について、それぞれの基礎となるBCS理論とボース凝縮の理論について理解した後に、共通の現象であるゲージ対称性の破れとそれに伴う物理現象(ジョセフソン接合・量子渦など)などについて理解を習得する。
We will study the two most-fascinating phenomena emerged at low temperatures, the superconductivity of metals and the superfluidity of liquid Helium. We first learn the BCS theory and the BEC condensation which give the basis to understand the superconductivity and the superfluidity, respectively. In particular, we focus on the phenomena observed in both system (Josephson junction, quantized vortices, etc.) which can be understood by a simple mechanism – gauge symmetry breaking – irrelevantly to the details of system.