This course examines the issues, actors and processes that shape environmental governance at the transnational and global scales. Interactive lectures on the global environmental policy process introduce different scholarly perspectives informing recent and current research, with an emphasis on Earth System Governance (main theoretical debates, conceptual innovations and empirical findings). Through classroom discussions based upon pre-assigned readings and the elaboration of a joint mini-project, students further explore a variety of regulatory frameworks, decision-making processes, institutional arrangements, and mechanisms, at the interface of science, policy and law. In so doing, they engage in a critical examination of the relevance and legitimacy of these emerging forms of governance in an era of anthropocenic planetary transformation and disruption.

This course examines the issues, actors and processes that shape environmental governance at the transnational and global scales. Interactive lectures on the global environmental policy process introduce different scholarly perspectives informing recent and current research, with an emphasis on Earth System Governance (main theoretical debates, conceptual innovations and empirical findings). Through classroom discussions based upon pre-assigned readings and the elaboration of a joint mini-project, students further explore a variety of regulatory frameworks, decision-making processes, institutional arrangements, and mechanisms, at the interface of science, policy and law. In so doing, they engage in a critical examination of the relevance and legitimacy of these emerging forms of governance in an era of anthropocenic planetary transformation and disruption.

Aims 1. To introduce students to the history of the lands that now make up most of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, from the sixteenth century until the 1930s. 2. To consider civic and ethno-linguistic concepts of ‘nation’ and ‘nationalism’ within this historical context. 3. To enhance the ability to understand and to appreciate how people have existed, acted and thought in the past in the context of the complexity and diversity of historical situations, events and intellectual outlooks. In particular, students should consider how people in the past have evaluated the times in which they were living. 4. To enhance the ability to use and evaluate texts and other source materials both critically and empathetically, as well as appreciating the limits and challenges of the extant record. The critical evaluation of texts should include an understanding of the questions which historians ask and why they do so. By the end of the course students will have read a wide selection of historical works. 5. To enhance the ability to frame and sustain an argument. Arguments should be structured, coherent, relevant, and concise, and should take into account all aspects of a given problem. Objectives By the end of the course, students should have acquired: 1. Enhanced generic skills: these may be defined as -- (i)self-direction and self-discipline; (ii)independence of mind and initiative; (iii) the ability to work with others and to have respect for the reasoned views of others; (iv)the ability to identify, gather, deploy and organize evidence, data, and information; and familiarity with appropriate means of achieving this; (v)analytical ability and the capacity to consider and solve problems, including complex problems; (vi)structure, clarity and fluency of expression; (vii)intellectual maturity and integrity; (viii)empathy and imaginative insight; (ix)ability to organize time, work, and personal resources to optimal effect. 2. A body of historical knowledge relating to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to 1795 as well as the territories that formerly constituted it, from the partitions until the 1930s.

Aims 1. To introduce students to the history of the lands that now make up most of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, from the sixteenth century until the 1930s. 2. To consider civic and ethno-linguistic concepts of ‘nation’ and ‘nationalism’ within this historical context. 3. To enhance the ability to understand and to appreciate how people have existed, acted and thought in the past in the context of the complexity and diversity of historical situations, events and intellectual outlooks. In particular, students should consider how people in the past have evaluated the times in which they were living. 4. To enhance the ability to use and evaluate texts and other source materials both critically and empathetically, as well as appreciating the limits and challenges of the extant record. The critical evaluation of texts should include an understanding of the questions which historians ask and why they do so. By the end of the course students will have read a wide selection of historical works. 5. To enhance the ability to frame and sustain an argument. Arguments should be structured, coherent, relevant, and concise, and should take into account all aspects of a given problem. Objectives By the end of the course, students should have acquired: 1. Enhanced generic skills: these may be defined as -- (i)self-direction and self-discipline; (ii)independence of mind and initiative; (iii) the ability to work with others and to have respect for the reasoned views of others; (iv)the ability to identify, gather, deploy and organize evidence, data, and information; and familiarity with appropriate means of achieving this; (v)analytical ability and the capacity to consider and solve problems, including complex problems; (vi)structure, clarity and fluency of expression; (vii)intellectual maturity and integrity; (viii)empathy and imaginative insight; (ix)ability to organize time, work, and personal resources to optimal effect. 2. A body of historical knowledge relating to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to 1795 as well as the territories that formerly constituted it, from the partitions until the 1930s.

古代・中世から現在までの医療者（医師や看護師など）の歴史と倫理を講義する The history and ethics of medical practitioners from the ancient and medieval periods are lectured.

古代・中世から現在までの医療者（医師や看護師など）の歴史と倫理を講義する The history and ethics of medical practitioners from the ancient and medieval periods are lectured.

This course explores fundamental issues of "law and the environment" from comparative, international/transnational, and socio-legal perspectives. This course aims to understand the basic framework of the environmental rule of law widely shared in a global society. Starting with an introduction to Japan’s environmental law and experiences, this course sheds light on the basic concepts and principles of the environmental rule of law, calling attention to the need to examine how science and risk analysis connect with the law.

This course explores fundamental issues of "law and the environment" from comparative, international/transnational, and socio-legal perspectives. This course aims to understand the basic framework of the environmental rule of law widely shared in a global society. Starting with an introduction to Japan’s environmental law and experiences, this course sheds light on the basic concepts and principles of the environmental rule of law, calling attention to the need to examine how science and risk analysis connect with the law.

This course aims at providing understanding of issues of civil and political rights in Japan and how those issues are discussed at United Nations human rights machiery. この講義は日本における人権の状況（市民的・政治的権利）について議論し、日本の市民的・政治的権利がどのように国連人権機関で議論されるかについて理解を深めることを目標としている。

This course aims at providing understanding of issues of civil and political rights in Japan and how those issues are discussed at United Nations human rights machiery. この講義は日本における人権の状況（市民的・政治的権利）について議論し、日本の市民的・政治的権利がどのように国連人権機関で議論されるかについて理解を深めることを目標としている。