This lecture series will focus on the molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms of biological phenomena in animals and human, focusing on how molecular, cellular and physiological functions are linked to in vivo reactions in response to environmental factors such as external environmental changes and food intake. The lecture will cover basic topics at the molecular level, such as protein structure and function and protein-molecule interactions, and will include applications in cell biology, molecular genetics, and medicine, as well as in agricultural science. In addition, genes that regulate higher functions such as learning and memory, appetite, biological clock, emotion, taste, smell, pain, and pheromone response have recently been discovered, and the hottest current topics will be introduced.