光と物質の量子論 - 工学系研究科 - 東京大学授業カタログ

光と物質の量子論

発光現象や光計測・光通信など、我々に身近な光学現象や応用において、光の量子性が様々な形で本質的な役割を担っている。本講義では、光の量子力学性質および物質と光の相互作用の量子力学について学び、身近な現象・応用から最新の光・物質科学に至る広い範囲で重要かつ基礎となる光と物質の量子論の理解を目指す。/Quantum nature of light plays an essential role in various optical phenomena and applications, such as light emission, optical measurement and optical communications. In this lecture, we will learn about the quantum mechanical properties of light and the quantum mechanics of the interaction between matter and light, and the theory of light and matter which is fundamental in a wide range from familiar phenomena and applications to the leading-edge light and material science.

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授業計画

前半では、まず光の量子力学的記述を学び、光の量子状態とその特徴を解説する。また、量子力学の特徴のひとつである量子ゆらぎの影響について、光計測や光増幅器などを取り上げ議論する。後半では、物質と光の相互作用を扱う。まず半古典論の範囲で原子の光感受率を導くとともに、光と物質のコヒーレントな相互作用について学ぶ。つづいて、光子と物質の量子力学的相互作用の結果として自然放出現象が生じることを学ぶ。 In the first half, we learn the quantum mechanical description of light and explain the quantum states of light and their features. In addition, we discuss the influence of quantum fluctuation which is one of characteristics of quantum mechanics, optical measurement, optical amplifier, etc. In the latter half, we deal with the interaction of matter and light. First of all, we learn the coherent interaction between light and matter and derive the optical susceptibility of atoms within the semi-classical theory. Subsequently, we learn spontaneous emission which occurs as a result of quantum mechanical interaction between photons and matter.