研究倫理

現在の科学研究の望ましい進め方とその歴史的背景を説明した後、以下の課題について議論する。再現性のためのノート、記録・資料の取り方・保存の仕方など、研究不正の定義（捏造、改ざん、剽窃、その他）とその実例、誰が論文の著書になるべきか（なってはいけないか）、重複パブリケーションについてのルール、利益相反、知的財産（主に特許）に関する倫理的課題、研究費申請及び論文査読の有り方、政府と研究機関の関係及び法律及び諸規則（予算執行、ハラスメント、安全、動物実験管理、野外調査など）の遵守の必要性、マスコミ対応とアウトリーチの適切なあり方など。なお、各専攻のニーズによって授業内容は多少異なる。

Best practices for conducting scientific research will be introduced, and the reasons the scientific community has adopted these procedures will be briefly covered. Appropriate methods of record-keeping and documentation, which are essential to ensure replicability of research results, will be explained. Research misconduct (fabrication, falsification, plagiarism and other forms of misconduct) will be defined and explained, and examples will be presented. Authorship of papers, the need to avoid dual publication, dealing with conflicts of interest, and issues related to intellectual property (mainly patents and copyrights) will be discussed. Issues involved in reviewing scientific papers and funding applications, and in applying for funding will also be discussed. The need for compliance with governmental and institutional regulations (governing usage of funds, harassment, safety, animal welfare, field surveys, etc.) will be covered. Appropriate procedures for dealing with the news media and the public when publicizing scientific research results will be briefly introduced. The material covered by this lecture may differ somewhat to match the needs of each Department.