新国際基盤生命学特論３

野外環境に適応する植物の多様性は、適応進化と種分化の積み重ねによって成立したと考えられる。しかし、その分子基盤の解明は始まったばかりであり、野外変動環境in naturaでの植物応答の予測は難しい。本講義では分子遺伝学・ゲノム学を進化学・生態学と統合した進化生態ゲノム学的アプローチを概説する。手法として、ゲノムワイド多型解析と選択の検出、ゲノムワイド関連解析、RNA-seq、機械学習などを以下のような例を通じて紹介する。
・モデル生物シロイヌナズナとその近縁種を用いた、進化・生態に重要な表現型を担う原因遺伝子の単離と、原因遺伝子への選択圧の検出
・倍数性による野生植物やコムギなど栽培植物の急速な種分化と頑健性
・熱帯樹木など非モデル生物の適応放散と環境応答

Plant biodiversity adapted to natural environments are thought to have emerged by the accumulation of adaptive evolution and speciation. However, little is known about its molecular basis, and it is not feasible to predict their responses to natural fluctuating environments, or in natura. This lecture will introduce the overview of the approaches of evolutionary and ecological genomics by integrating molecular genetics, genomics, evolutionary biology, and ecology. Methods such as genome-wide polymorphism analysis, signature of selection, genome-wide association studies, RNA-seq and machine learning will be introduced through following examples.
- Isolation of genes responsible for evolutionarily and ecologically relevant phenotypes and the detection of selection on those genes
- Rapid speciation and robustness by polyploidy in natural and crop species such as wheat
- Adaptive radiation and environmental responses of non-model species including tropical trees