理論天文学特別講義VI

Elements in Cosmos: From Fundamental Interactions to Origin of Life

This is a series of lectures for the graduate students or advanced undergraduate level students providing an introduction to the application of fundamental principles of the production of atomic nuclei along the cosmic evolution. An emphasis will be placed on, first, the formation processes of the elements and, second, the molecules of life, i.e. the amino acids, in various astrophysical conditions in space from a perspective of fundamental interactions of elementary particles and nuclei. In addition, time will be devoted to the link between theory and experimentation on these subjects. Modern experiments in particle and nuclear physics will be described and how these relate to astronomical observables on the production and formation of atomic nuclei, molecules, and amino acids.

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I. Fundamentals of Nucleosynthesis and Cosmic Evolution A. Basic Terms B. Basics of Nucleosythesis C. Basics of Stellar and Planetary Evolution D. Basics of Galactic Chemical Evolution II. Macroscopic Observables of Astrophysical Principles A. Basic Astronomical Observables i. Stellar Spectra ii. Stellar Masses iii. Meteoric Abundances B. Experimental Observables III. Nuclear Physics Experimentation and its Relation to Astrophysics A. Measuring properties of atomic nuclei i. Masses ii. Half-lives B. Measuring properties of nuclear matter i. Equation of state (EOS) experiments ii. Reconciling EOS Measurements iii. Experimental facilities and capabilities IV. Origin of Life, and Amino Acids: Fundamental properties of astrophysics and macroscopic evolution A. Basic Astrochemistry and astrobiology B. Habitable conditions of life i. Dust formation and the formation of amino acids ii. Roles of the water in space C. How fundamental properties relate to the origins of life i. Roles of magnetic fields of neutron stars and EOS ii. Roles of neutrino interactions for chiral selection of amino acids D. Amino Acids: Biggest questions in astrophysical and astrochemical evolution today. E. Theoretical models of the formation of amino acids F. Experimental determinations of amino acid formation.